PPG: 36. 4%. From Chevallier and Maris Otter, to the lesser-seen Plumage Archer and Hana (and some even more exotic ones across the pond), these malts – while more historically at home in brewing circles – are giving the beer. Find out more. Dec 20, 2018. Chevallier® Heritage Malt; Haná Heritage Malt; No 19 Maris Otter® Ale Malt; Plumage Archer Heritage Malt; Crystals & Cara Malts. Crystals & Cara Malts View All . Irish Stout. Crisp Haná Heritage Malt 25kg View Details. Crisp Chevallier Malt is a heritage barley variety combined with a traditional malting method and modern quality control. Telephone: Fax: +48 52 347 1810; Email: Portgordon. Automatic processes, advanced materials and innovative design features all contribute to maltings that combine the traditional concept of malt production in an. Crystal Light 45L;Crisp Malting - Chevallier Heritage Malt, a base malt fermentable. Crisp Heritage Chevallier Ale Malt (EBC 6. In response to this demand, Crisp Malting Group has begun developing a range of heritage malts with New. I think the amber color is the result of the use of crystal (cara-malt) specialty malt. The importance of agricultural sustainability and the environment is becoming more and more apparent in the world today. It has a robust maltiness, like a Maris. SEARCH MENU . It has a robust maltiness, like a Maris. Combining all of these speciality malts with a variety of yeasts, we have built up a substantial portfolio of recipes and spirits with very. ABV 5. 6. Chevallier reigned supreme for over 100 years as the dominant barley variety in England from the 1820’s to 1920’s. Like other heritage barleys such as Maris Otter, Chevallier and Plumage Archer, Haná was replaced by newer varieties with improved growing qualities (mostly derived from Haná’s gene pool), and it disappeared from fields in the early 1900s. We take English spring barley with a slightly higher protein than our Best Ale Malt and the subsequent low temperature kilning produces Lager Malt with a sweet but not “malty” character. We combine traditional and modern malting techniques at our sites in England and Scotland to create an impressive range of malted and non-malted products. 99 Root Shoot Malting English Pale Ale Malt Root Shoot Malting's. Chevallier® Heritage Malt; Haná Heritage Malt; No 19 Maris Otter® Ale Malt; Plumage Archer Heritage Malt; Crystals & Cara Malts. 92, Fermentables: (Extra Pale Ale Malt, Chevallier Heritage Malt, Roasted Barley, English Carastan Malt, Raw Honey) Hops: (East Kent Goldings, Fuggles) Other: (Cinnamon stick, Ginger, Nutmeg, Clove, Irish Moss, Gypsum) Notes: Trying to build a Welsh Ale, but with very. The mother field, where all certified Maris Otter® seed comes from, is located in North Norfolk, just a short tractor drive from our maltings. It had a similar impact on the brewing world as Chevallier and for many years they sat side by side, each providing their own nuance to 20th century. All Grain, ABV 7. $8. All Grain, ABV 5. BIAB, ABV 4. Use Chit Malt at up to 10% of the grist. H. Crystals & Cara Malts. It's a similar taste to Maris Otter, being its predecessor, but much more relaxed in character. Crisp has allowed us to supply brewers with genuine malts that date back to the 1800s. Chevallier® Heritage Malt; Haná Heritage Malt; No 19 Maris Otter® Ale Malt; Plumage Archer Heritage Malt; Follow Us. Stuart Swann joins the Crisp Malt family, as one of our Craft Brewing Sales Managers. Menu. Wyeast 1028 London, WLP007 Dry English, or Lallemand Nottingham would all be good choices; KEY POINTS FOR KEY PINTS. Chevallier reigned supreme for over 100 years as the dominant barley variety in England from the 1820’s to 1920’s. Product Range - Specialty Speciality Malts Traditional Floor Made Malt – No. By malting these grains using a variety of techniques, our maltsters are able to elevate these humble grains into. So when our customers come to visit, they see why Crisp Malt is located here. 72, Fermentables: (Chevallier Heritage Malt, Spelt Malt, Rolled Oats, Vienna,. Crystals & Cara Malts View All . Generally, there is a locking mechanism that needs to be unlocked and then dials turned to change the roller gap. Sack $119. 1. ‘Kolben’,. All Grain, ABV 5. The best of British malts, Chevallier meets the best of American hops. Crisp’s Portgordon Maltings sits in the heart of this perfect malting barley region. I made a single malt beer with Chevallier once, with EKG and Styrian goldings (I used the TT Landlord recipe really) with wyeast 1469. This low malt colour produces a golden orange lager with increased body and fullness and a softer, rounder mouthfeel with improved drinkability. The colour produced can be almost opaque and the flavour is similar to a dark, bitter roast coffee. Chevallier Heritage Malt - Crisp from $3. Recipe. NEIPA. Another step up in colour into the chocolate range, so called because of the flavour it produces in the final beer, not due to the presence of actual chocolate. Crisp Oatmeal Stout. Crystal 77L. However, recent studies show that Chevalier still meets current malting quality standards (Goddard et al. Global Recent Activity. In addition to these new makes, we trial different recipes throughout the year, experimenting with different malts including heritage malt varieties like No 19 Maris Otter, Chevallier and Plumage Archer. 5. 99 Root Shoot Malting English Pale Ale Malt Root Shoot Malting's. 25 lb United Kingdom - Crystal 60L: 34. 6% max. 5° Moisture % Max 3. Crisp have a wide range of base malts to provide you with a broad palate of flavours to build your beers upon. 5g (2 packs) Method. Try them individually or mix them up to create. 1 mm. 0 6. Crystals & Cara Malts View All. Crystals & Cara Malts View All . Light Crystal will also impart a reddish hue to the beer and it works very well in Bitters and Ruby beers. Dec 23, 2020 #34All Grain, ABV 4. Sized for a 25 litre brew with 80% efficiency for homebrewing, you can take advantage of the recipe. SEARCH MENU . Crisp Naked Oat Malt. Chevallier Heritage Malt - Crisp from $3. Apprenticeship Vacancies. 67, Fermentables: (Floor-Malted Bohemian Pilsner, Chevallier Heritage Malt) Hops: (Saaz) Other: (Yeast Nutrient, Whirlfloc, Campden Tablets, Calcium Chloride (dihydrate), Gypsum). To get a rough conversion to Lovibond. Like other heritage barleys such as Maris Otter, Chevallier and Plumage Archer, Haná was replaced by newer varieties with improved growing qualities (mostly derived from Haná’s gene pool), and it disappeared from fields in the early 1900s. Our Malts View All . PPG °L Bill % 3. We have vacancies for a multi-skilled maintenance engineer apprenticeship and 2 food process operator apprenticeships. Up to 25%. A mainstay of English barley production in the 19th century and an ancestor of many modern. It was used to produce the very first Pilsner beers back in the 1840s in Bohemia and became the progenitor for the vast majority of successful lager barley varieties to this day. Chevallier Malt was the first ever selected landrace for malting and it’s what Crisp’s founders Fred and George Smith would have malted back in 1870. Crisp London Porter. Extra Light Crystal (Crystal 100). Total Grain Bill 4750g (excluding husks) Oat Husks (500 grams) East Kent Goldings ( GOLDINGS ) Pellets (43 grams) WLP013 London Ale Yeast (1 packs)These heritage malts–No. I've also brewed with Bairds new line of 'heritage' malts and the Bairds Finest MO is also worth trying. Crystals &. 90 mins minimum on my set up. It has therefore, become very popular in the. It's one of these traditional keeping beers that's brewed somewhere north of 1. Usage. Amount. 0 10. 28%, IBU 34. Milled: *. Crisp Malt Sp. CHEVALLIER® HERITAGE MALT . Barley Wine. Shane Swindells from the Cheshire Brewhouse was one of the first brewers to use Chevallier Heritage Malt. $ 2. Crystal, you don't find until post-WW2. Crisp Chevallier West Coast. Crisp Heritage Chevallier Ale Malt (EBC 6. About Crisp Malt, a UK malt supplier to breweries, distilleries and food industry, crafting great beers, whisky and food using our malted barley, cereals and grains. Use our paint store locator to find the closest PPG Paints store. All Grain, ABV 6. With our passion and expertise, we produce and supply the finest UK malt to the brewing and distilling industry across the globe. Chocolate Malt, also known as Coffee Malt, shares many of the characteristics of Black Malt, but because it is roasted for a shorter period of time and to a lower final temperature, it lacks the astringency of Black Malt. Name: Slough Slayer / Style: DH Golden Ale / ABV: 5. Chevallier reigned supreme for over 100 years as the dominant barley variety in England from the 1820’s to 1920’s. Crisp Chevallier is characterized by warm. Another historical variety and is also quite tasty. Homebrew Recipes. Homebrew Crisp Neipa. A mainstay of English barley production in the 19th century. It was nice and had a warming sweetness, the colour was a tad darker than the MO I usually use (Warminster). 59 . Flavourful and high alcohol yielding, this malt is the workhorse of many a Scottish distillery. The Amber Malt in this recipe will colour the beer and shine through with a malty, dry caramel finish. 99 Crisp Chevallier Malt is a heritage barley variety combined with a traditional malting method and modern quality control. Stouts, porters, strong mild. Crystal Extra Dark 120L. PPG °L Bill % 300 g Simpsons - Maris Otter Extra Pale: 38: 1. Golden Ale. Ruby. 0% – 7. 2: 6. Automatic processes, advanced materials and innovative design features all contribute to maltings that combine the traditional concept of malt production in an. Chevallier ® Heritage Malt Torrefied Wheat Cara Malt Chevallier West Coast IPA beer recipe, featuring a heritage malt to create a big, bold, hoppy brew using the best British. Select options; Crisp Chevallier Heritage Malt £3. Extra Light Crystal (Crystal 100). Contact Info. Crystal Light 45L;. Compared to many other modern barleys its aroma and flavor are quite pronounced. That’s exactly what the intention was. ago. Making Floor Malt at Crisp; Floor malting is a traditional process of using manual labour to hand turn the barley as it becomes malt. 57, Fermentables: (Chevallier Heritage Malt) Hops: (Herkules, Fuggles) Notes: Reduce 2L of first runnings with 2g of Baking Soda PPG °L Bill % 4,050 g Crisp Malting - Chevallier Heritage Malt: 36. ” – that’s a statement we’ve been hearing lately from brewers. German Pilsner. Its in the fermenter at time of writing. Crisp Chevallier Heritage Malt March 9, 2018. All Grain, ABV 6. Select options; Crisp – Extra Pale Malt £2. Limited inventory of the 10 lb pack size remains, and will not be restocked upon depletion. Mild. PPG °L Bill % 7 lb Crisp Malting - Chevallier Heritage Malt: 36. Chevallier® Heritage Malt; Haná Heritage Malt; No 19 Maris Otter® Ale Malt; Plumage Archer Heritage Malt; Crystals & Cara Malts. C. ABV 6. Rahr Premium Pilsner MaltThe wheat malt will have smaller proteins that have been broken down and will be much better for a permanent haze. View full details English Pale Ale Malt - Root Shoot Malting - 50 lb. ABV 4. Working with Geterbrewed in Northern Ireland and Flavourly. Rahr Domestic 2-Row Malt $ 1. All Grain, ABV 3. 73%, IBU 83. Base Malts; Crystal Malts; Roasted Malts; Specialty Malts; Adjunct Grain; Hops. Chevallier fell out of use in the 20th century as it was replaced by newer, higher-yielding varieties, but fortunately Crisp Malting Group has revived Chevallier to meet the growing interest in heritage barleys from both craft brewers and craft beer drinkers. 5 EBC. 7%. 5. Irish Stout. Through this agreement, we guarantee three-year rolling contracts to approximately 180 local farmers to grow our winter and spring barleys. Floor malting at Crisp Brewers who tried it were so enthusiastic about this characterful, historic malt, that we have made it into one of our permanent collections in the Heritage Malt series. In the grain bill, the base malt choice is Crisp Chevallier ® Heritage Malt. Chevallier Malt was the first ever selected landrace for malting and it’s what Crisp’s founders Fred and George Smith would have malted back in 1870. We have a committee of farmers that forms part. Crisp English Dark Crystal 77L $ 2. 94%, IBU 0, SRM 5. Crisp started out in 1870 when two brothers, Frederick and George Smith, recognised the unmatched quality of the barley in their home county of Norfolk and established a maltings at Great Ryburgh. With Light Crystal the crystalised sugars present imparts an intense caramel flavour. 4%: 200 g Crisp Malting - Chevallier Heritage Malt: 36. Psy. I'm not even sure Pauls produce a mild malt anymore. . The Hops List (Healey) March 9, 2018. 3%: 0. Traditionally floor malted for diverse and unique characteristics. Learn about the. Short Description: Made with Crisp Chevallier Heritage malt and well hopped with Willamette. 5% of purchase price per tonne + £9. Chevallier® Heritage Malt; Haná Heritage Malt; No 19 Maris Otter® Ale Malt; Plumage Archer Heritage Malt; Follow Us. 51, SRM 4. 1 x 25Kg sack. Juice driven with a creamy body. Usage. 1: 60: 7. 59 . Amount Variety Cost Type. Crisp Chevallier Heritage Malt (5800 grams) Simcoe – T90 Pellets 100g (2 packs) WHC Dried Yeast -LAX – 11g Packet (1 pack) MethodBrewhouse Efficiency Calculator. We are intrinsically Norfolk. , East Kent Goldings) for the. 8 kg (44. We’re located in Germany, Poland and all over the UK, with the support of a global network of. Low Colour Chocolate Malt imparts a delicate chocolate aroma and taste much like a mellow cold. Cara Gold Malt is the lowest colour of the crystallised malts. Grain Milling Option:. In June, around 60 customers joined us for an Open Day. 7 lbs. Usage. 79 . The revival . Find out more. Extract FG Min. (0. Crisp Malt’s roots reach back all the way to 1850, when brothers Fred and George Smith bought a farm and got to work milling flour in Norfolk, England. Dark Mild. Ruby. Chevallier was the first ever selected landrace for malting and it’s what Fred and George Smith would have malted back in 1870. Juice driven with a creamy body. 2. Crisp Chevallier Heritage Malt is characterized by warm, cracker and biscuit aroma. Heritage Malt is a malt variety that was used commercially hundreds of years ago. Session Bitter. Color °L 2. This is a classic English version of the recipe featuring our Chocolate Malt to give a roasted character but without any astringent burnt character. It has a robust maltiness, like a Maris. 29 per lb. Compared to many other modern barleys its aroma and flavor are quite pronounced. SEARCH MENU . Sack $149. Chevallier Malt was the first ever selected landrace for malting and it’s what Crisp’s founders Fred and George Smith would have malted back in 1870. Since 1870 we’ve lived and breathed malting. Ruby. We’ve included a lot of different styles to showcase the tremendous range of brewing malts and malted grains Crisp Malt has to offer. As a malt, Chevallier reigned supreme as the dominant barley variety in England from 1820 to 1920. IBU 25. Compared to many other modern barleys its aroma and flavor are quite pronounced. Oaty Pale Ale. 1 out of 5, with 361 ratings and reviews on Untappd. IBU 30. This provides, body and turbidity but we also utilise our polyphenol free malt to reduce the likelihood of oxidative darkening of the beer when packaged. Up to 25%. Milds, bitters, best bitters. Recipe. With Medium Crystal those intense caramel flavours of thick treacle toffee are developed. 5 - 3. Crisp Chevallier Malt is a heritage barley variety combined with a traditional malting method and modern quality control. We’re inextricably connected through the supply chain – and the multiple layers of science and engineering that run through it. 5 AA)) Notes: Mashed in with 2. Tasting Notes. ), as I think adding strong additional flavours to Chevallier goes against the point of using this expensive and rare heritage malt which should be appreciated as it is, I believe. The beer will be barrel-aged until it’s released later in 2021 and already the brewers are excited: “The orange flavour coming off the malt was. Case in point: Crisp describes its Chevallier malt as “like Maris Otter turned up to 11. Ingredients Included. The brewery I work for uses a lot of Maris Otter, but for a while we tried Plumage although I don't think the head brewer took to it. From the malt forward Maris Otter ®, through our Best Ale and authentic German Pils to our honey-sweet Clear Choice ®; we’ve got a range to suit every beer style and brewing method. Hops. The temperatures used through the column determine the colour and flavour of the roasted malt. Our Best Ale Malt is the workhorse of many a brewery and is at home in a variety of beer styles. 14th Aug 2023. Usage. Rahr Domestic 6-Row Malt $ 1. High proportions of floor-malted grain provide a smooth mouth feel. F. z o. 99 Crisp Chevallier Malt is a heritage barley variety combined with a. Compared to many other modern barleys its aroma and flavor are quite pronounced. Crystals & Cara Malts View All . It was propagated all over the world and was being grown in. Chevallier West Coast IPA beer recipe, featuring a heritage malt to create a big, bold, hoppy brew using the best British malts with American hops. Our team is a collection of maltsters, brewers, distillers, engineers, food scientists, lab techs and logistics specialists, but the one thing that unites us is a desire to produce the best malt for your brewing and distilling needs. Danielle Hammond is our Customer Service Administrator joining Crisp Malt in 2012, Danni works with our craft sales managers across the UK to provide outstanding customer service, knowledge and support throughout the whole ordering process. OG 1053 SG 1012. 59 . We have been busy with the calculator scaling down our much-loved beer recipes for the home brewer. U. Jun 02, 2015. Use our No 19 Maris Otter malt to make your best brew with rich, malty flavours. Promtyu Mild Ale" Dark Mild beer recipe by MotorBuffalo. 59 . Crisp Chevallier Heritage Malt (4400 grams) Crisp Brown Malt (900 grams) Crisp Black Malt (300 grams) East Kent Goldings ( GOLDINGS ) Pellets (95 grams) Wyeast 1099 Whitbread Ale. 2. With over 130 years of paint and stain innovation, and with color experts around the world, PPG is committed to providing the right color and products for. 81. Found in most pints of beer, it gave a defining flavour to Victorian Era British ales. More and more people like to know what goes into their food and drink. 1% to 20. 50 lb Crisp Malting -. Chevallier® Heritage Malt; Haná Heritage Malt; No 19. Much like with conventional malting, at No. It contains a greater degree of sweetness than Crystal Malt and the harsher nutty roasted flavours are not present. All Grain, ABV 4. The tasting notes and analysis suit beers for any occasion, but we see Table Malt as the perfect core for an extremely drinkable low ABV beer. Crystals & Cara Malts View All . It brings that perfect bready, crisp continental flavour to all lager types. Chevallier® Heritage Malt; Haná Heritage Malt; No 19 Maris Otter® Ale Malt; Plumage Archer Heritage Malt; Crystals & Cara Malts. High proportions of floor-malted grain provide a smooth mouth feel. Milds, bitters, best bitters. Purchased at Brew:30 Taphouse. No19 Session. Add sufficient boiling water to raise to 69° and leave for 30 mins. “We decided that Scotch Ale would be the style that would allow the malt to sing most,” says Fiona. Imperial Stout. With the UK experiencing a heatwave, we have seen the combine harvesters out harvesting the winter barley crops this week. Chevallier reigned supreme for over 100 years as the dominant barley variety in England from the 1820’s to 1920’s. 1. Plumage Archer is a distinctive yet subtle barley. Today Crisp Malt works in four countries, across seven malting sites, making barley for brewers and distillers worldwide, successfully blending their heritage. Crisp Chevallier is characterized by warm, cracker and biscuit aroma with a full flavor. Together they’re laser-focused on producing “grain-forward lager” – clean, crisp, and flavorful beers that showcase the subtle beauty and complexity of heirloom barley varieties. Parameter IoB EBC ASBC; Moisture: 8. 7, Fermentables: (Chevallier Heritage Malt, Torrefied Wheat) Hops: (Citra, Mosaic) "Chev Pale" No Profile Selected beer recipe by Anonymous. 19 in a blind, side by side brewing trial. Crisp London Porter. Ruby. 9 kg) honey (0. "Crisp APA Home Brew" American Pale Ale beer recipe by Crisp Malt. Save 10% on Brewer's Friend Premium today. IBU 26. The hop loading brings a sledgehammer of bitterness and flavour, but the malt bill stands by its side providing the body and mouthfeel the west coast IPA deserves. We are brewing malt suppliers to a diverse range of partners; from the independent small craft brewery and whisky distiller. We have partnered with the College of West Anglia to be able to offer 3 apprenticeship vacancies starting summer 2020. Description. Oatmeal Stout. Floor malting gives the malt a satisfying, earthy malt flavor and an intense aroma with notes of biscuit and honey. I think the Crisp Heritage malt group is about a trek in time. Crisp Chevallier® Heritage Malt: 3 Kg: Wheat Malt: 200 g: Spelt Malt: 500 g: Vienna Malt: 500 g: English Honey: 210 g. 14th Aug 2023. Crystals & Cara Malts View All . 100 and hopped to saturation point with the expectation that the bitterness will fade to something manageable over the course of several years of aging. Cara Malt is a very low colour Crystal Malt which has an almost completely glassy endosperm. Weyermann - Floor-Malted Bohemian Pilsner: 36. 1x25. 17% - Aromatic Malt - UK lb kg. Crisp Chevallier Heritage Malt (5800 grams) Simcoe – T90 Pellets 100g (2 packs) WHC Dried Yeast -LAX – 11g Packet (1 pack). In addition to these new makes, we trial different recipes throughout the year, experimenting with different malts including heritage malt varieties like No 19 Maris Otter, Chevallier and Plumage Archer. If you can find it, Crisp Chevallier is a decent substitution. Chevallier Heritage Malt. Chevallier Malt. . Heritage Malt Data Sheets. About Us. Since it is a conventionally kilned malt, Vienna can be used as a base and is perfect creating its namesake, Vienna lager, in addition to. Session Bitter. It was propagated all over the world and was being grown in. Case in point: Crisp describes its Chevallier malt as “like Maris Otter turned up to 11. About Us. He and Carl Heron, maltster and master brewer from Crisp, produced a collaborative brew made to an authentic early 1800’s recipe. 5 cups of water at 158F. Haná is where this barley originated, the Hana valley in Czech Moravia. The next stage up from Amber Malt is our Brown Malt. In fact, two such barley varieties from Crisp Heritage Malts appeared in recent Hanabi brews: Haná and Chevallier. P lumage Archer® is the offspring of Plumage and Archer and was the world’s first commercially produced cross-bred barley. Flaked Torrefied Rice consists of rice grains that have been cooked at high temperature, resulting in gelatinisation of the starchy endosperm, and then flaked. So for instance, just looking at the Malt Miller, which puts service ahead of having the absolute lowest prices (and around double what you'd pay wholesale), you'd pay £31. I made a single malt beer with Chevallier once, with EKG and Styrian goldings (I used the TT Landlord recipe really) with wyeast 1469. Crisp Malt | 2,612 pengikut di LinkedIn. One satisfied craft brewing customer, Sam Fraise at ATTIK Brew Co, has shared some highly complementary and informative insight on how. Hana Malt is named after where the barley originates from, the Hana valley in Czech Moravia. This homebrew recipe uses the following ingredients: Crisp Chevallier, Aromatic Malt - UK , Sonnet Hops, Horizon Hops, Crystal (homegrown) Hops, Magnum (homegrown) Hops, White Labs Dry English ale WLP007 Homebrew Yeast. Crystals & Cara Malts View All . Golden Ale. The demand for unique ingredients is driving innovation in beer styles, flavor, and malthouse production. 7%: 60 g Crisp Malting - Pale Chocolate: 32. 00 per tonne. SEARCH MENU . Crystal 60L. 2%; IBU 53; OG 1053 SG 1012;Chevallier Heritage Malt - Crisp from $3. Good body and smoothness. . 7-4. I'd be very interested to hear what Kristen thinks of my interpretation. The colour produced can be almost opaque and the flavour is similar to a dark, bitter roast coffee. In addition to these new makes, we trial different recipes throughout the year, experimenting with different malts including heritage malt varieties like No 19 Maris Otter, Chevallier and Plumage Archer. OP . Chevallier® Heritage Malt; Haná Heritage Malt; No 19 Maris Otter® Ale Malt; Plumage Archer Heritage Malt; Crystals & Cara Malts. 4%) — Crisp Finest Maris Otter® Ale Malt — Grain — 6. Today Crisp Malt works in four countries, across seven malting sites, making barley for brewers and distillers worldwide, successfully blending their heritage. ""Yates of Cardiff" Welsh Red Ale" Special/Best/Premium Bitter beer recipe by JJ Hulce. Telephone. Dark Mild. When it was found to be resistant to fusarium head blight, the stage was set, not only for the return of Chevallier, but for a whole host of heritage barley varieties. Victoria’s Chinatown is an identifiable neighbourhood of tightly built primarily two and three-storey mixed-use brick buildings in a three-block area of downtown Victoria, British. Crisp Chevallier Malt is a heritage barley variety combined with a traditional malting method and modern quality control. Crisp Malt are wholesale malt suppliers and manufacturers based in the UK. Usage.